Bag Choice Matters
A 40L backpack or 22x14x9-inch suitcase fits most airline carry-on requirements. Backpacks offer mobility on cobblestones and stairs. Suitcases roll easily but struggle with European elevators (often small or nonexistent). Hybrid bags with backpack straps offer flexibility.
Pro Tip: Check your airline's carry-on dimensions—budget carriers like Ryanair have stricter limits (40x20x25cm for free).
Clothing: The 5-4-3-2-1 Rule
5 tops (mix of t-shirts and a button-up), 4 bottoms (2 pants, 2 shorts or skirts), 3 layers (light jacket, sweater, rain shell), 2 pairs of shoes (comfortable walking shoes and versatile sandals or dressier option), 1 hat or cap. Choose neutral colors that mix and match.
Fabric Choices
Merino wool regulates temperature, resists odors, and dries quickly—worth the investment for base layers. Synthetic quick-dry materials beat cotton for underwear and socks. Linen breathes well for summer. Avoid jeans (heavy, slow-drying) unless you love them.
Toiletries: The 100ml Reality
Liquids must be under 100ml in a clear 1-liter bag. Solid alternatives save space: shampoo bars, solid deodorant, bar soap. Decant essentials into reusable silicone bottles. Buy sunscreen and bulky items at your destination—pharmacies and supermarkets are everywhere.
Electronics Essentials
Phone and charger (USB-C is becoming universal). Universal power adapter (EU uses Type C plugs). Portable battery for long days. Kindle or tablet for entertainment. Earbuds for transit. That's it—laptops add weight and stress unless you're working.
Often Forgotten
Reusable water bottle (many cities have free fountains). Small daypack that folds flat. Ziplock bags for wet swimwear or dirty laundry. Copies of important documents. Small first aid kit with basics. Sleep mask and earplugs for noisy hostels or overnight flights.
What to Leave Behind
Leave: multiple guidebooks (use apps), 'just in case' clothing, full-size toiletries, valuable jewelry, hair dryers (hotels provide them), too many shoes. Every item should serve multiple purposes or be genuinely essential. When in doubt, leave it out.
